The zodiac and naming system of Hindu astrology, including those on Shani as Saturn, likely developed in the centuries after the arrival of Greekastrology with Alexander the Great, their zodiac signs being nearly identical. This day corresponds to Saturday вЂ“ after Saturn вЂ“ in the Greco-Roman convention for naming the days of the week. Shani is the basis for Shanivara вЂ“ one of the seven days that make a week in the Hindu calendar.

The 1st millennium CE Hindu scholars had estimated the time it took for sidereal revolutions of each planet including Shani, from their astronomical studies, with slightly different results: Sanskrit texts: How many days for Shani (Saturn) to complete its orbit? SourceД®stimated time per sidereal revolution ДЎ0,765 days, 18 hours, 33 minutes, 13.6 secondsДЎ0,765 days, 19 hours, 33 minutes, 56.5 secondsДЎ0,758 days, 17 hours, 48 minutes, 14.9 secondsДЎ0,759 days, 5 hours, 16 minutes, 32.2 seconds For example, both Khandakhadyaka and Surya Siddhanta of Varaha state that Shani completes 146,564 revolutions on its own axis every 4,320,000 earth years, an Epicycle of Apsis as 60 degrees, and had an apogee (aphelia) of 240 degrees in 499 CE while another manuscript of Surya Siddhanta revises the revolutions to 146,568, the apogee to 236 degrees and 37 seconds and the Epicycle to about 49 degrees. The texts slightly disagree in their data, in their measurements of Shani's revolutions, apogee, epicycles, nodal longitudes, orbital inclination, and other parameters. The manuscripts of these texts exist in slightly different versions, present Shani's motion in the skies, but vary in their data, suggesting that the text were open and revised over their lives. Other texts such as Surya Siddhanta dated to have been complete sometime between the 5th century and 10th century present their chapters on various planets as divine knowledge linked to deities. These texts present Shani as one of the planets and estimate the characteristics of the respective planetary motion. Shani as a planet appears in various Hindu astronomical texts in Sanskrit, such as the 5th century Aryabhatiya by Aryabhatta, the 6th-century Romaka by Latadeva and Panca Siddhantika by Varahamihira, the 7th century Khandakhadyaka by Brahmagupta and the 8th century Sisyadhivrddida by Lalla. He also signifies spiritual asceticism, penance, discipline and hard work.

He is a god of Justice in Hindu mythology and delivers results to all, depending upon their deeds (karma ). Shani is also a male deity in the Puranas, whose iconography consists of a handsome figure carrying a sword or danda (sceptre), and sitting on a crow. Shani (Sanskrit: а¤¶а¤Ёа¤ї, Ељani) refers to the planet Saturn, and is one of the nine heavenly objects known as Navagraha in Hindu astrology. 23 foot tall statue of Shani in Bannanje, Udupi

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